Ovarian Cysts Removal using laparoscopy

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​Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy

Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy involves the removal of ovarian cysts through a small keyhole incision. A cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on the ovaries and can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). In cases where the cyst is benign, it can typically be removed while preserving the ovary, allowing for the possibility of natural conception.

 

Laparoscopic Oophorectomy

Laparoscopic Oophorectomy is performed when ovarian cysts have a high recurrence rate, about 35%, even after surgical removal. If the cysts keep returning, or if they are found to be malignant, the entire ovary or both ovaries may need to be removed through this procedure.

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Types of Ovarian Cysts

• Functional Cysts: These include follicular cysts and corpus luteal cysts, which typically shrink and disappear within two or three menstrual cycles.

• Dermoid Cysts: Also known as teratomas, these cysts can contain tissues like hair, skin, or teeth, as they develop from embryonic cells. They are rarely cancerous.

• Endometrioma Cysts: Often called "chocolate cysts," these form as a result of endometriosis, a condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus. Some of this tissue can attach to the ovary and form a cyst.

• Cystadenoma Cysts: These cysts develop on the surface of the ovary and may be filled with either watery or mucous material.

• Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS): In this condition, multiple cysts form due to a build-up of follicles. This causes the ovaries to enlarge and develop a thick outer layer, which can interfere with ovulation and often leads to fertility issues.

 

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Most ovarian cysts are small and asymptomatic. However, if symptoms do occur, they may include pressure, bloating, swelling, or pain in the lower abdomen, usually on the side where the cyst is located. The pain can be sharp or dull and may come and go.

If a cyst ruptures, it can cause sudden, intense pain. In cases where a cyst causes the ovary to twist, symptoms may include pain along with nausea and vomiting.

Common symptoms associated with ovarian cysts include:

• Pelvic pain

• A dull ache in the lower back and thighs

• Difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel completely

• Pain during sexual intercourse

• Unexplained weight gain

• Unusual vaginal bleeding

• Breast tenderness

• Frequent need to urinate

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in a few cases where laparoscopy surgery cannot be performed or cysts are larger than 5cm open surgery is recommended​

 

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FAQs on Ovarian Cyst Removal

1. Possible Complications if Left Untreated:

• Ovarian Torsion: Enlarged cysts can cause the ovary to move, leading to painful twisting (ovarian torsion). This condition can cause sudden, severe pelvic pain, nausea, and vomiting. It can also reduce or cut off blood flow to the ovary.

• Rupture: A cyst may rupture, resulting in severe pain and internal bleeding. Larger cysts have a higher risk of rupture, and activities that put pressure on the pelvis, such as sexual intercourse, can increase this risk.

2. When is Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Recommended?

• Persistent Cysts: If cysts in both ovaries are present.

• Non-Resolving Cysts: If a cyst does not shrink or disappear after 3 months.

• Size Concern: If a cyst is larger than 5 cm in diameter.

• Abnormal or Suspicious Cysts: If a cyst appears abnormal or malignant.

• Suspected Ovarian Cancer: If there is suspicion of ovarian cancer.

 3. How is Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Performed?

• The procedure involves making several small incisions in the abdomen. A laparoscope, a thin, flexible instrument with a lighted camera, is inserted through these incisions to guide the surgeon. The cyst is then removed using an endobag through the same small incisions.

4. What are the benefits of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy compared to traditional surgery?

• Minimally Invasive: Laparoscopic surgery uses smaller incisions, leading to less pain and scarring compared to traditional open surgery.

• Faster Recovery: Patients typically experience a quicker recovery time and can return to normal activities sooner, usually within 1-2 weeks.

• Reduced Risk: There is a lower risk of infection and less blood loss compared to open surgery.

5. What are the potential risks or side effects of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy?

• Infection: As with any surgery, there is a risk of infection at the incision sites.

• Bleeding: There may be minor bleeding during or after the procedure.

• Damage to Surrounding Organs: There is a slight risk of damage to nearby organs or tissues.

• Adhesions: Scar tissue may form, potentially causing discomfort or future complications.

6. What is the typical recovery process after a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy?

• Immediate Post-Op: Patients are usually monitored in a recovery room for a short period before being discharged.

• Home Care: Patients should follow post-operative care instructions, including managing pain with prescribed medications and keeping the incision sites clean.

• Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a few weeks. Sexual activity should be avoided until cleared by the doctor, typically after 2 weeks.

7. Will I need to stay in the hospital overnight after the procedure?

• Generally Not Required: Most laparoscopic ovarian cystectomies are performed as outpatient procedures, meaning patients can go home the same day. However, some cases may require an overnight stay for monitoring, depending on individual circumstances.

5. How can I prepare for the laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy?

• Pre-Op Instructions: Follow any dietary restrictions or fasting instructions provided by your doctor before the surgery.

• Medications: Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking, as some may need to be stopped before the procedure.

• Support: Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure and assist you with daily tasks during the initial recovery period.

8. How will my follow-up care be managed after the surgery?

• Follow-Up Appointments: You will have follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor your recovery, discuss any concerns, and check for any complications.

• Post-Op Instructions: Adhere to any prescribed medications and care instructions. Your doctor will provide guidance on when you can resume normal activities and any signs of complications to watch for.